{"id":184,"date":"2005-02-06T00:00:19","date_gmt":"2005-02-06T00:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hasansaygin.com\/tr\/Hs\/?p=184"},"modified":"2020-11-06T07:58:01","modified_gmt":"2020-11-06T07:58:01","slug":"avrupa-birliginin-enerji-gundeminde-turkiyeye-genel-bakis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hasansaygin.com\/tr\/avrupa-birliginin-enerji-gundeminde-turkiyeye-genel-bakis\/","title":{"rendered":"Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin Enerji G\u00fcndeminde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye Genel Bak\u0131\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi 1970\u2019li y\u0131llardan beri uluslararas\u0131 politikadaki ba\u015f akt\u00f6rlerin ya\u015famsal \u00f6nemdeki ilgi alanlar\u0131ndan biridir. Enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flama almak i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilen enerji politikalar\u0131n\u0131n, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir geli\u015fmenin ekonomik, sosyal ve \u00e7evresel boyutlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda dengenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, enerji sistemleri ile ona ba\u011fl\u0131 ekonomik, sosyal ve \u00e7evresel sistemlere ciddi sekte vurabilecek durumlardan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in risk y\u00f6netimini ve esnekli\u011fin geli\u015ftirilmesini de sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, Enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi genel olarak: 1) Ekonomik ya da siyasi nedenlerle, b\u00fcy\u00fcyen enerji talebini kar\u015f\u0131layacak yeni kaynak ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanamamas\u0131ndan do\u011fan uzun vadeli riskler 2) mevcut kaynaklarda politik nedenler ve kaza, ter\u00f6rizm veya do\u011fal felaketlerden kaynaklanan teknik nedenlerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek ani kesintilerden do\u011fan riskler nedeniyle tehdit alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda gerek \u00fcretici gerekse t\u00fcketici \u00fclkelerin h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinde, enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve enerji talebi ile ilgili ciddi kayg\u0131lar\u0131n do\u011fdu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Her iki taraf i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011fi bulunan bu stratejik kayg\u0131lar\u0131 gidermek ve gelecekteki enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak \u00fczere siyasi etkinliklerini artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nde gelen t\u00fcketici \u00fclkelerin birbirleri ile giri\u015ftikleri rekabet giderek artmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim, son bir ka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r, AB, ABD ve \u00c7in gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck Asya \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda bu ba\u011flamda \u00e7ok ciddi bir rekabet ortam\u0131 do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Bu durum \u00fcretici ve t\u00fcketici \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilemektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda, enerji konusu politika ve g\u00fcvenlik politikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir. Ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn enerji teknolojileri ve enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n co\u011frafi da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu nedenle, arz g\u00fcvenli\u011finin yaln\u0131zca d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltma ve yerli \u00fcretimin desteklenmesi \u015feklinde alg\u0131lanmas\u0131 olas\u0131 de\u011fildir ve d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde idaresi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fczeyinden daha \u00f6nemli hale gelmi\u015ftir. Olas\u0131 krizlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin risklerin idaresine ve kontrol\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik etkin stratejiler geli\u015ftirilmektedir. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde g\u00fcncel enerji politikalar\u0131 enerjide verimlili\u011fin sa\u011flanarak enerji tasarrufu potansiyelinin de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve yenilenebilir enerji kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra jeopolilitik ko\u015fullar\u0131 da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak, kaynaklar\u0131n ve teknolojilerin \u00e7e\u015fitlendirilmesi ile risk y\u00f6netimini sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde olu\u015fturulmaktad\u0131r. Enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin risk y\u00f6netiminde en \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde durulan riskler d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin olanlard\u0131r. \u0130leri teknolojilere sahip, ekonomik ve sosyal kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin dahi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 neredeyse tek ve en \u00f6nemli d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k bi\u00e7imi, enerjide d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. Enerjide d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki anlam\u0131 , D\u00fcnyan\u0131n enerji kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda en b\u00fcy\u00fck paya sahip olan petrol ve do\u011fal gaza ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. 2050 y\u0131l\u0131nda enerji talebinin %50\u2019si hala fosil yak\u0131tl\u0131 enerji kaynaklar\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanaca\u011f\u0131ndan, orta ve uzun vadedeki arz g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in petrol ve do\u011fal gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunludur .<\/span><\/p>\n

IEA\u2019n\u0131n verilerine g\u00f6re, 2000-2030 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda D\u00fcnyada 5000 GW\u2019l\u0131k bir ek elektrik \u00fcretim kapasitesi kurulacakt\u0131r. Bu ek \u00fcretim kapasitesinin % 40\u2019indan fazlas\u0131 gaz santralleri ile sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r. Do\u011fal gaz santrallerinin kapasitesi, 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda 677 GW iken 2030 y\u0131l\u0131nda 2500 GW\u2019\u0131 a\u015facakt\u0131r. Bu art\u0131\u015f\u0131n % 50\u00b4si, \u00e7evresel k\u0131s\u0131tlar\u0131n k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yayg\u0131n olarak do\u011fal gaza eri\u015filebilen OECD \u00fclkelerinde meydana gelecektir. Ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00fclkelerinde ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde de gaz santrallerinden elektrik \u00fcretimi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artacakt\u0131r. 1980\u2019lerde ticari kullan\u0131ma sunuldu\u011fundan beri verim ve g\u00fcvenilirlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler kaydeden birle\u015fik \u00e7evrimli gaz santralleri ekonomik ve \u00e7evresel avantajlar\u0131 nedeniyle tercih edildi\u011finden D\u00fcnyan\u0131n do\u011fal gaz talebinde \u00f6nemli bir artma beklenmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

AB\u2019nin do\u011fal gaz talebinin, 2000 den 2010\u00b4a kadar y\u0131lda %2.9 , 2010\u00b4dan 2030\u00b4a kadar olan s\u00fcre\u00e7te ise %1.6 oran\u0131nda artmas\u0131 beklenmektedir. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n 2030 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki gaz ithalat\u0131n\u0131n %28\u2019i Afrika, %17\u2019si Norve\u00e7, %33\u2019\u00fc ge\u00e7i\u015f ekonomisi \u00fclkeleri, %17\u2019sinin Orta Do\u011fu, %5\u2019nin Latin Amerika\u00b4dan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi planlanmaktad\u0131r. Kendisi de enerji ithal eden ve b\u00f6lgedeki \u00fcretici \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli pazarlardan birini olu\u015fturan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye, Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin ilgisinin en \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden biri, ba\u015fl\u0131ca do\u011fal gaz \u00fcreticisi olan bir \u00e7ok \u00fclkeye yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle, Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019ne D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklar\u0131ndan gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak do\u011fal bir huni olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesidir. Do\u011fal gaz gereksiniminde meydana gelecek art\u0131\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilmek i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ran, Irak, Azerbaycan, Katar, Suudi Arabistan, Kazakistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan ve \u00d6zbekistan do\u011fal gazlar\u0131n\u0131n aktar\u0131labilece\u011fi g\u00fcvenli bir ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00fclkesi olarak Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fine ili\u015fkin planlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u00b4nin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki do\u011fal gaz ithalat\u0131 %41 oran\u0131nda Rusya\u2019dan, %30 oran\u0131nda Cezayir\u2019den ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmektedir. Ancak, D\u00fcnyada izlenen g\u00fcncel politikalara ve risk y\u00f6netimine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, arz\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00fclkelerin ve enerji hatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitlendirilmesi ile arz\u0131n s\u00fcreklili\u011finin ve bu \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin getirece\u011fi rekabet ile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyette enerji arz\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik faydalar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin stratejik \u00f6nemini artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ku\u015fkusuz T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin petrol iletimindeki mevcut ve potansiyel rol\u00fc ile de k\u00fcresel enerji pazar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli akt\u00f6rlerden birisidir. Ancak petrol iletiminin do\u011fal gaz iletimine oranla daha fazla esnekli\u011fe sahip olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, gaz iletimindeki potansiyel rol\u00fc \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

H. SAYGIN<\/span><\/strong>, \u201cENERJ\u0130POL\u0130T\u0130K<\/span><\/strong>: Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin Enerji G\u00fcndeminde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye Genel Bak\u0131\u015f\u201d, Enerji<\/span><\/strong>, Y\u0131l: 10, Say\u0131: 2, Sayfa: 15 (\u015eubat 2005<\/span><\/strong>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi 1970\u2019li y\u0131llardan beri uluslararas\u0131 politikadaki ba\u015f akt\u00f6rlerin ya\u015famsal \u00f6nemdeki ilgi alanlar\u0131ndan biridir. Enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flama almak i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilen enerji politikalar\u0131n\u0131n, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir geli\u015fmenin ekonomik, sosyal ve \u00e7evresel boyutlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda dengenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, enerji sistemleri ile ona ba\u011fl\u0131 ekonomik, sosyal ve \u00e7evresel sistemlere ciddi sekte vurabilecek durumlardan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in risk y\u00f6netimini ve esnekli\u011fin … <\/p>\n

Continue reading “Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin Enerji G\u00fcndeminde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye Genel Bak\u0131\u015f”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":305,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kose-yazilari","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hasansaygin.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hasansaygin.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hasansaygin.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hasansaygin.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hasansaygin.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=184"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/hasansaygin.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":545,"href":"https:\/\/hasansaygin.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184\/revisions\/545"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hasansaygin.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/305"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hasansaygin.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=184"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hasansaygin.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=184"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hasansaygin.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}