{"id":199,"date":"2005-06-08T00:00:13","date_gmt":"2005-06-08T00:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hasansaygin.com\/tr\/Hs\/?p=199"},"modified":"2020-11-06T07:49:33","modified_gmt":"2020-11-06T07:49:33","slug":"iklim-degisikligi-anlasmalari-ve-sera-gazi-saliniminda-adil-dagilim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hasansaygin.com\/tr\/iklim-degisikligi-anlasmalari-ve-sera-gazi-saliniminda-adil-dagilim\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Anla\u015fmalar\u0131 ve Sera gaz\u0131 Sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131nda Adil Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m"},"content":{"rendered":"

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde atmosfere insan etkinlikleri ile 29 milyar ton CO2 sal\u0131nmakta ve bunun 23 milyar tonu fosil yak\u0131tl\u0131 yanma ve end\u00fcstriden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r (IPCC-2001). Bu durum, atmosferdeki CO2 oran\u0131nda iklim sistemini bozan h\u0131zl\u0131 bir art\u0131\u015fa neden olmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma sorunu D\u00fcnya enerji politikalar\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lamaz ve ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6gelerinden birine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Atmosferdeki konsantrasyonu tehlikeli d\u00fczeye eri\u015fen sera gaz\u0131 yay\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n iklim sistemi \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkilerinin \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in, 189 \u00fclkenin taraf oldu\u011fu \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00c7er\u00e7eve S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Aral\u0131k 2004 de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmu\u015ftur. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin \u00f6nlenmesine y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abalar\u0131n nihai amac\u0131 atmosferdeki sera gaz\u0131 konsantrasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 iklim sisteminde tehlikeli de\u011fi\u015fimlere neden olamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir seviyede kararl\u0131 hale getirmektir. Ancak, hala % 85 oran\u0131nda fosil yak\u0131tlara ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir k\u00fcresel ekonomide, atmosferdeki konsantrasyonunu kararl\u0131 hale getirmek i\u00e7in do\u011frudan CO2 sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak ger\u00e7ekte son derece karma\u015f\u0131k ve zor bir g\u00f6revdir. CO2 sal\u0131m\u0131na getirilen do\u011frudan bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama \u00e7o\u011fu durumda ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve geli\u015fmeyi yava\u015flatacak y\u00f6nde etkiledi\u011finden siyasi olarak kabul g\u00f6rmesi hi\u00e7 de kolay de\u011fildir. Nitekim, D\u00fcnya sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n % 36.1\u2019inden sorumlu olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n ABD\u2019nin Kyoto anla\u015fmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilmesi bunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 George W. Bush Mart 2001\u2019de ABD\u2019nin Kyoto Protokol\u00fcne imza koymayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bush, 2012\u2019de yeniden bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ilerlemenin beklenenden yava\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi veya bilimsel verilerin daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc alarm sinyalleri g\u00f6ndermeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 durumunda daha ciddi \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in daha ileri ad\u0131mlar at\u0131labilece\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sera gaz\u0131 yay\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in daha ciddi taah\u00fctler alt\u0131na girilmesine ili\u015fkin teredd\u00fctler b\u00fcg\u00fcne de\u011fin s\u0131kl\u0131kla k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma hipotezini destekleyen yeterli bilimsel bilginin eksikli\u011finden kaynaklansa veya buna dayand\u0131r\u0131lsa da, gelecekte bilimsel kan\u0131tlanabilirlik ile giderek daha az ve taraflar\u0131n \u201cadil da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile ise daha \u00e7ok ilgili hale gelece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bilimsel bilgi birikimi k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma hipotezini kesin olarak kan\u0131tlayacak kadar geli\u015fse dahi, bu sonucun gerektirece\u011fi enerji politikalar\u0131ndan do\u011frudan ya da dolayl\u0131 kay\u0131plara u\u011frayacak taraflar\u0131n direnci ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 beklenen bir durumdur. Ayr\u0131ca, k\u00fcresel bir hedef ve bu hedefe ula\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in ortak bir zamanlama plan\u0131 belirlenebildi\u011fi varsay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu defa sera gaz\u0131n\u0131n sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n maliyetinin \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda adil olarak nas\u0131l payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 sorusu \u00f6nemli bir sorun olarak kalmaktad\u0131r. Bu sorunlar\u0131n do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131nda, sera gaz\u0131 yay\u0131n\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin adil da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 m\u00fczakerelerde birle\u015ftirici bir unsur olarak kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi, \u00f6nemli bir savunma veya sald\u0131r\u0131 silah\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin \u00e7\u0131kmaza sokacak \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 tehlikesi de s\u00f6z konusudur. Oysa, ba\u015fta k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi olmak \u00fczere \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcresel niteli\u011fi, uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7evre anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131na ve dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile t\u00fcm uluslar taraf\u0131ndan tam olarak desteklenmesine \u015fiddetle ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Sera gaz\u0131 yay\u0131n\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda adil olarak payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki en \u00f6nemli engellerden birisini olu\u015ftumaktad\u0131r. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi sorununa gelindi\u011fi zaman \u201cadil\u201d olan\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131 hen\u00fcz ne yaz\u0131k ki mu\u011flak ve ihtilafl\u0131d\u0131r. Adil da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlere ili\u015fkin bu belirsizlik ve \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki ihtilaf nedeniyle bu hususun iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonuca ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen bir Gordion d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ifade edilmektedir. Bu nedenle, sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131nda adil da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ciddi \u00e7abalar sarf edilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adil bir s\u00fcrecin adil bir sonucun do\u011fmas\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde katk\u0131da bulunaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Ancak bu noktada ister istemez, adil olan\u0131 kimlerin belirleyece\u011fi, adil da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n belirlenmesinde kullan\u0131lan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerin ger\u00e7ekten adil olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve siyasi olarak uygulanabilirli\u011fine ili\u015fkin \u00f6nemli sorular belirmektedir. Elbette, yerk\u00fcre \u00fczerindeki her insan atmosferin sera gaz\u0131 absorblama kapasitesinden e\u015fit olarak yararlanma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Bu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z herkesin onaylayaca\u011f\u0131 bir etik ilkedir. Ancak bu ilkenin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesini sa\u011flayacak olan politikalar\u0131 belirleyenlerin ve m\u00fczakerelerde ger\u00e7ek karar verici olanlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olan taraflar bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki CO2 sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sorumlu olan sanayile\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler oldu\u011fu da \u00f6nemli bir siyasi ger\u00e7ektir. Oysa, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131ndan en \u00e7ok etkilenenler, ekonomileri b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda iklim de\u011fi\u015fikliklerine hassas etkinliklere dayanan ve teknik bilgi ve kaynak eksikli\u011fi nedeniyle iklim de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 sorunlarla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmada yetersiz kalabilen sanayile\u015fme s\u00fcrecini hen\u00fcz tamamlayamam\u0131\u015f geli\u015fmekte olan olan \u00fclkelerdir. Bu nedenle, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin m\u00fczakerelerde ve politikalar\u0131n belirlemesi s\u00fcrecinde ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6nemli ve etkin taraflar olarak yerlerini almalar\u0131 adil da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hayati bir zorunluluktur.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dclkeler aras\u0131nda adil da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m ilkesi iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine ili\u015fkin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir anla\u015fman\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilmesi i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli ko\u015fullardan birisidir. Ancak, bunun i\u00e7in ba\u015fta geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fayanlar olmak \u00fczere, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bireyler olarak hepimize \u00f6nemli ki\u015fisel g\u00f6revler ve fedakarl\u0131klar d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Bu noktada, ki\u015fisel ya\u015fant\u0131m\u0131zda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcketimden ve savurgan davran\u0131\u015flardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmam\u0131z\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n pek \u00e7ok alandaki al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irerek \u00f6ncelik s\u0131ralamam\u0131zda ciddi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmam\u0131z\u0131n ve belki de baz\u0131lar\u0131ndan t\u00fcm\u00fcyle vazge\u00e7memizin gerekece\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fi yeniden kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Ancak yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde ya\u015fayan her insan\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki do\u011fal kaynaklar \u00fczerinde \u00fczerinde e\u015fit haklara sahip oldu\u011fu ilkesini benimsiyor ve gelecek ku\u015faklar\u0131n da en az bizim kadar ya\u015fam hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funa i\u00e7tenlikle inan\u0131yorsak bu ba\u011flamda \u00fczerimize d\u00fc\u015fen sorumluluklar\u0131 \u00fcstlenerek bireysel ya\u015fant\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bu ger\u00e7e\u011fe g\u00f6re tasarlamaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmam\u0131z olas\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/p>\n

H. SAYGIN<\/span><\/strong>, \u201cENERJ\u0130POL\u0130T\u0130K<\/span><\/strong>: \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Anla\u015fmalar\u0131 ve Sera Gaz\u0131 Sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131nda Adil Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u201d, Enerji<\/span><\/strong>, Y\u0131l: 10, Say\u0131: 6, Sayfa: 25 (8 Haziran 2005<\/span><\/strong>).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde atmosfere insan etkinlikleri ile 29 milyar ton CO2 sal\u0131nmakta ve bunun 23 milyar tonu fosil yak\u0131tl\u0131 yanma ve end\u00fcstriden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r (IPCC-2001). Bu durum, atmosferdeki CO2 oran\u0131nda iklim sistemini bozan h\u0131zl\u0131 bir art\u0131\u015fa neden olmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma sorunu D\u00fcnya enerji politikalar\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lamaz ve ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6gelerinden birine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Atmosferdeki konsantrasyonu tehlikeli d\u00fczeye eri\u015fen sera … <\/p>\n

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